The machine tool bed is the core supporting component of the machine tool, primarily used to support the machining components and the moving mechanism. Its material is mostly gray cast iron, and its properties are improved through annealing processes. Common types of annealing include full annealing, spheroidizing annealing, and stress relief annealing, which are used to eliminate internal stress, reduce hardness, or optimize cutting performance, respectively.

　　This type of casting utilizes resin sand casting technology, employing graphitization expansion to reduce shrinkage defects and achieve less riser casting. It also utilizes the lost foam process to enhance the molding efficiency of complex structures. The bed frame exhibits strong wear resistance and excellent shock absorption. The graphite structure in gray cast iron not only stores oil for lubrication but also facilitates machining. There is a specific empirical relationship between the hardness and tensile strength of gray cast iron, with specific values being influenced by raw materials, cooling rate, and other process parameters. Standard specifications are implemented in accordance with GB9439—88.